URA

109 (expressed in Hong Kong Dollars) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2. Significant accounting policies (Continued) (m) Provisions and contingencies Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is more likely than not that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses, except for those cases where the Group has a present obligation as a result of committed events. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow of economic benefits with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small. A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain events not wholly within the control of the Group. A contingent asset is not recognised but is disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements when an inflow of economic benefits is probable. When inflow is virtually certain, an asset is recognised. A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Group. It can also be a present obligation arising from past events that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required or the amount of obligation cannot be measured reliably. A contingent liability is not recognised but is disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. When a change in the probability of an outflow of economic benefits occurs so that the outflow is probable, it will then be recognised as a provision. (n) Current and deferred income tax Income tax expenses comprise current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in profit or loss because it excludes items of income or expenses that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes profit or loss items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted at substantially enacted at the end of the reporting period. Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.